This is Part-II of the Capital Markets articles series. For many founders, the Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) is viewed as the ultimate validation of years of building, fundraising, and scaling. It represents access to public capital, increased market credibility, liquidity opportunities, and recognition. What is often underestimated, however, is that an IPO is not merely... Continue Reading →
By - Archana Balasubramanian At Google I/O 2026 and Google Marketing Live (GML) 2026, a major shift took place in the way global digital commerce now operates. With the deployment of the Universal Cart ecosystem, driven by the Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) and the Agent Payments Protocol (AP2), Google shifted from simply directing users to... Continue Reading →
This series comprises eight articles offering practical insights into the Indian IPO journey, authored by lawyers with extensive experience in the capital markets space. Designed as a consolidated resource, the series aims to assist promoters, founders, and emerging businesses considering an Initial Public Offering by providing a practical perspective on key legal and regulatory aspects... Continue Reading →
By Nitin Jain Indian capital markets have evolved faster than the legal systems designed to regulate them. With the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introducing automated price-band widening during pre-open call auctions alongside instant PAN-based validation, the regulatory apparatus is now entirely digital, instantaneous, and rigid. For high-frequency trading (HFT) desks, algorithmic funds,... Continue Reading →
By- Archana Balasubramanian Introduction The Shareholder Agreement imposes GAAP-compliant monthly reporting on the company. The finance team discovers its inability to comply forty-five days post-close. No party examined the information rights clause before signing. The constraint did not emerge from bad faith; it emerged from inattention. Governance documents routinely contain obligations that senior management never... Continue Reading →
By- Nitin Jain The NARCL Sanction Letter functions as a deferred ownership-transfer instrument. Boards that read it as a loan extension mischaracterise the underlying legal event. Two operative clauses determine the company's governance trajectory immediately. Two clauses make this visible immediately. The first offers a three-year repayment window. The second demands 100 percent promoter shareholding... Continue Reading →
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